1/17/2024 0 Comments White black and yellow gems![]() Prior studies suggest that both systems may under-count these fatalities for different reasons. The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), operated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) National Center for Health Statistics, collects death certificate data for all U.S. The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) Uniform Crime Reporting Program collects data directly from more than 18,000 LE agencies nationwide. Two national data reporting systems collect information on legal intervention deaths in the U.S. 20 Similar training approaches have been used successfully by several LE agencies to increase use of de-escalation strategies in situations involving individuals with severe mental illness, owing to long-standing community concerns about use of force against this population. 1 Research suggests that organizational policies and training can safely reduce the use of deadly force. Department of Justice made similar recommendations following the Ferguson Police Department investigation. 2 A 2015 report by the Police Executive Research Forum cited missed opportunities to “ratchet down” confrontations and called for improved conflict de-escalation training and cultural shifts within policing to emphasize tactics reducing the need for force. 19 However, there is increasing recognition that lethal force, even when ruled “justifiable” from a legal perspective, is sometimes preventable. The use of lethal force, in many cases, reflects the risks inherent in policing and the duty to mitigate immediate danger to the public and police personnel. 4– 6, 8, 18 Yet, research examining the circumstances of such cases remains limited. 8– 11 Concerns over the use of lethal force, including links to racial and social inequities and use of force against mentally ill people, have resulted in calls for increased attention to this issue within public health. ![]() 3 Estimates also suggest that 25% to more than 50% of fatal encounters with LE involve individuals with mental illness. 17 An examination of data from 1960 to 2010 also indicated consistently higher rates among black men compared with white men, with rate ratios ranging from 2.6 to 10.1. Recent analyses 17 suggest that legal intervention deaths increased 45% (from 0.11 to 0.16/100,000) between 19, with higher rates among blacks (0.24) American Indian/Alaska Natives (0.20) and Hispanic whites (0.17) compared with non-Hispanic whites (0.09) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (0.05). 7 The estimated lifetime medical costs for injuries and fatalities related to LE action totaled $231 million in 2012. 15 However, these cases have profound consequences that extend beyond the direct impact on victims and their families. each year a, 12, 15 and 4% of all homicides. 8– 11įatalities resulting from the use of lethal force by LE agents while on duty (referred to here and elsewhere 12, 13 as legal intervention deaths, consistent with the ICD-10 category for deaths resulting from LE action without regard to intent or legality 14) account for approximately 1% of all violent deaths in the U.S. 7 In addition to issues of racial and social inequality, concerns about the risk to vulnerable populations-including individuals with mental illness-have also been raised. history in response to concerns about police use of force, often with long-term health and economic consequences for affected communities. 6 Major acts of civil disobedience and unrest have arisen throughout U.S. 1– 3 Concern over these cases fueled nationwide protests in 2015, including some incidents of civil unrest 4, 5 and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement. Public attention on the use of lethal force by law enforcement (LE), particularly within minority communities, has surged in recent years following multiple high-profile cases involving the killings of unarmed black men and youth by police.
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